Deduced from Ayatul Kursi
Points of Benefit
1. Affirming Five Names of the Names of Allaah. Allaah, al-Hayy, al-Qayyoum, al-'Aliyy, al-'Atheem.1
2. Affirming that Allaah is singled out with all worship (al-uloohiyyah): He is the One Who alone has the right to be worshipped, or that He is the One who is worshipped rightfully and deservingly."
) لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ )(البقرة: من الآية255)
None has the right to be worshipped but He [Allaah].
3. Refuting the claim of the polytheists who affirm other gods beside Allaah.
4. Affirming the sifah (attribute of hayaat (Life) for Allaah, and that His life is one of perfection, neither preceded by 'adam nor coming come to naught nor characterized by imperfection. On the contrary, our life originates in 'adam and will come to an end, and it is accompanied by imperfection. If fact, all of our life is imperfect, and that is why Allaah described it by ad-dunya. 2 The Life of Allaah, however, is perfection from all angles because of His saying ( الحي ) The Living,where the particle (ال ) is for al-istighraaq, which comprises all the meanings of the qualities of the perfect life, as if He says, " There is no one who is truly living except He." In fact, this is the case because there is none qualified with the life of perfection except Allaah, the Most Mighty and most Majestic.
5. Affirming the al-qayyoumiyyah 3 for Allaah because He said : ( القيوم) Such a description does not apply to the human being. There is not any person who is established on his own nor is there anyone who takes full charge of others by whom they subsist, because there is no human being except that he is in need of others. We need workers, and they need us. We need [our] women and they need us. We need our sons and daughters and they need us. There is no one who is absolutely in full charge (giving them care, maintenance, providing for them, etc.) of others. I may be able to take charge of someone else, but in a limited sense. That is why Allaah تعالى said :
)أَفَمَنْ هُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ)(الرعد: من الآية33)
Is He [Allaah] Who takes charge (guards, maintains, provides, etc.) of every person and knows all that he has earned (like any other deities who know nothing)? [Qur'aan, Soorat Ar-Ra'd ]13 : 33)]
6. The aayah contains ismullaahi al-aa'tham (Allaah's Most Great Name) affirmed in His saying : (الحي القيوم )
Allaah, there is no god worthy of worship except He, the one who possesses the perfect living, and Who is established on His Own, Self-subsisting, and by Whom all things subsist. 4
These two Names were mentioned in three placed in the Qur'aan, in the two soorahs known as azzahraawayn 5 (Al-Baqarah and Aal-Imraan), and in Soorat Taha.6
The people of 'ilm (ahlul – ' ilm) said : The Most Great Name of Allaah is only in these two Names since they comprise the Most Beautiful Names in their entirety,and hence the attribute of perfection is implied in the Name (الحي) and Name and the attribute of ihsaan (beauty) is entailed in the Name. ( القيوم)
7. The perfection of Allaah's Life and qayyoumiyyah such that they are free from the slightest imperfection. The evidence is in His saying :
) لا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلا نَوْمٌ )(البقرة: من الآية255)
Neither slumber, nor sleep overtakes Him.
Perfection may be generalized considering what is predominant or more numerous although it may be deficient in certain aspects. However, negation of imperfection means that the perfection is absolute and in every respect is free from deficiency. In this sense the negation occurred in His Saying :
) لا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلا نَوْمٌ )(البقرة: من الآية255)
Neither slumber, nor sleep overtakes Him.
8. Affirming as-sifaat as-salbiyyah for Allaah because of His saying :
) لا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلا نَوْمٌ ) (البقرة: من الآية255)
Neither slumber, nor sleep overtakes Him,
And His saying :
) وَلا يَؤُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا)(البقرة: من الآية255)
He feels no fatigue in guarding and Preserving them.
The sifaat as-salbiyyah are those attributes which Allaah has denied for His Self and which imply affirming the perfection of their opposites.
9. Affirming that Sovereignty of Allaah comprehends everything. The evidence is in His saying :
) لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ)(البقرة: من الآية255)
To him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth.
10. This Sovereignty is exclusively His. The evidence lies in the same aayah :
) لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ)(البقرة: من الآية255)
To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth, in which the predicate (gram. Khabar) (له) " To Him" has preceded the subject (gram mubtada) which is the conjunctive noun. (ما) " Whatever". In this way, there is a grammatical state of hasr (exclusivity, restriction) which signifies that : "To Him (Allaah) alone belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth."
11.Affirming the heavens and the earth, as in His saying :
) لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ)(البقرة: من الآية255)
To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth.
The " Heavens" is a number. They are seven in number and similarly is the number of the earths as proven from other texts. 7
12. The perfection of the kingship of Allaah, as evident in His saying :
) مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ)(البقرة: من الآية255)
Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His permission?
The kingship of Allaah is not the same as His all-comprehensive Sovereignty. In fact, the power and perfection of kingship is more perfect than just all- comprehensive sovereignty.
13. Affirming the intercession which is approved by Allaah as evident in His saying :
) إِلَّا بِإِذْنِه)
[None can intercede] except by Allaah's permission,
otherwise the exception would not be correct. Hence, had the approved intercession been not affirmed, the exception would not be correct.
14. Affirming the " Permission" which is His Command:
) إِلَّا بِإِذْنِه)
[None can intercede] except by Allaah's Permission.
15. Affirming the 'ilm (Knowledge) for Allaaah and that His Knowledge comprehends the past, the present, and the future. The evidence is in His saying :
) يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ )(البقرة: من الآية255)
And Allaah knows what happens to them (His creatures) in the future and what happened to them in the past.
16. Refuting the claims of the extremists from the Qadariyyah 8 by affirming Allaah's all encompassing knowledge as in the statement. This constitutes a rebuttal of the extremist from the Qadariyyah who say that Allaah knows the actions of His salves only after they are carried out, denying that Allaah knowledge comprehends everything.
17. The rebuttal of the two sects, the Khawaarij 9 and the Mu'tazilah 10 by affirming the shafaa'ah. Both sects deny the general intercession approved for the prophet صلي الله عليه وسلم and for others and which applies to the people who committed sin. This negation is based upon their doctrine that the person who commits a major sin and die without repenting from it will be punished in the Fire forever. The two sects differed, however, as to whether such a person is considered a kaafir, or neither a believer nor a kaafir.
The Kharijites, courageous against the truth and for it, said, " The one who commits a major sin is kaafir and no linger belongs to the fold of Islam." The Mu'tazilites were fearful to oppose the people of ahlus-sunnah and the kharijites. They took a cowardly position and said, " We will sit in the middle of the road and say that the one who has committed a grave sin is in a position somewhere between the two; we neither say he is a believer nor a kaafir !" Both sects, however, agreed that in the hereafter he will be in the Fire of Hell forever. That is why they denied the shafaa'ah (intercession). The generality of the aayah refutes the position held by both sects :
) مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ)(البقرة: من الآية255)
Who is he that can interceded with Him except with His Permission?
18. None will ever encompass anything of Allaah's knowledge nor of His Hearing or His Sight:
) وَلا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ)(البقرة: من الآية255)
And they will never compass anything of His knowledge except that which He wills.
19. We comprehend no knowledge about Allaah nor about His creation except that which He wills for us to know. 11
20. Forbidding the takyeef (assigning a mannar or a "how") to the Attributes of Allaah, because He did not inform us of the how they are. So if we claim the knowledge of the kayfiyyah (i.e. the condition or the " how") of His Attributes, then we are lying.
21. Rebutting the Mu'attilah, due to His saying :
) وَلا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ )(البقرة: من الآية255)
And they will never compass anything of His knowledge.
This is evidence against the Mu'attilah because they say, for example, that Allah has no real Hand. This necessitates that they encompass the negation of one of His Attributes. In this respect, both sects, the Mu'attilah and the people of takyeef (Mukayyifah) lied because Allaah affirmed this Attribute (i.e. the Hand) to Himself. Accordingly, their claim that the true and real Attributes like the Hand, the Face, the Eyes, and so forth do not befit Allaah is false and void. The basis for this fact is that knowledge is of two kinds : (a) Affirmation, and (b) Negation.
Therefore, you cannot negate anything as being a quality of someone (something) except with knowledge, Just like you cannot affirm anything for someone (something) except with knowledge. So if those sects would deny the realties of the aforementioned Attributes of Allaah then they must bring forth their proofs, if they are truthful. For example, Allaah سبحانه وتعالى did not negate that the Attribute of the Hand from His Self, not even in one single aayah in the Qur'aan, nor did the prophet صلي الله عليه وسلم negate this Attribute in any hadeeth, nor did the righteous predecessors (al-salaf-us-saalih). Those sects, however, utter the negation of Allaah's true and real Hand.
22. Rebutting the position of the Mumathilah (those who liken Allaah to His creation). Since the aayah :
) وَلا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِه)(البقرة: من الآية255)
And they will never compass anything of His knowledge.
Implies a rebuttal of the Mukayyifah, then by all reason it is a rebuttal of the Mumathilah.
23. Affirming the mashee'ah (Will) for Allaah because of His saying :
) إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ )(البقرة: من الآية255)
Except that which he Wills.
24. Rebutting the Qadariyyah and the Mu'tazilah who say that Allaah; the Most High, does not Will anything as far as man is concerned. 12 This is evident in Allaah's saying:
) وَلا يُحِيطُون)(الآية)
And they will never compass..
Knowing that man's compassing of something is from his qualities and his qualities are a creation of Allaah, [and hence man's will is not independent from the Will of Allaah].
25. The greatness of the kursi, for His saying :
) وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ )(البقرة: من الآية255)
His kursi extends over and encompasses the heavens and the earth.
26. The Greatness of the Creator of the kursi because the greatness of the created implies the Greatness of the Creator.
27. The kujr of the person who denies the heavens and the earth because this necessitates accusing Allaah of lying. As far as the earth is concerned, I believe that no one denies it [its existence]. However, as regard to the heavens, there are those who deny them saying that what is above us is boundless and limitless space, and that there is only stars and diffused dust (sadoom) or the like. There is no doubt that the one who holds to this belief is a kaafir, whether he himself believes in this or he imitates those whom he reveres from the people who hold to this belief – While knowing the truth implied from the proofs of the Qur'aan and the sunnah.
28. Affirming the Strength of Allaah, and the proof is His saying :
) وَلا يَؤُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا)(البقرة: من الآية255)
He feels no fatigue in guarding And preserving them.
29. Denying the mashaqah (fatigue) from Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, because of His saying :
) وَلا يَؤُودُهُ )
He feels no fatigue.
This is one of the sifaat as-salbiyyah just like saying of Allaah :
)وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ وَمَا مَسَّنَا مِنْ لُغُوبٍ) (قّ:38)
And indeed we created the heavens and the earth and all between them in six Days and nothing of fatigue touched us. [Qur'aan, Soorat Qaaf (50: 38)].
30. Affirming what is implied by the above statement :
) وَلا يَؤُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا )(البقرة: من الآية255)
He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them, from the attributes of knowledge, Ability, Life, Mercy, Wisdom, and Strength.
31. Affirming that the heavens and the earth are in need for someone who grards them, as stated in Allaah's saying (which means) : He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them. Had it not been for the guarding and preserving of Allaah, they would have been ruined. Allaah says :
) وَلَوْلا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَهُدِّمَتْ صَوَامِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَصَلَوَاتٌ وَمَسَاجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسْمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيراً )(الحج: من الآية40)
Had it not been that Allaah checks one set of people by means of another, monasteries, churches, synagogues, and masaajid (mosques), wherein the Name of Allaah is mentioned much would surely have been pulled down. [Qur'aan, Soorat Al-Hajj (22 :40)].13
And His saying :
) وَيُمْسِكُ السَّمَاءَ أَنْ تَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ )(الحج: من الآية65)
He withholds the heavens from falling on the earth except by His Leave.[Qur'aan, Sooart Al-Hajj (22 : 65)].
)إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُمْسِكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ أَنْ تَزُولا وَلَئِنْ زَالَتَا إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيماً غَفُوراً) (فاطر:41)
Verily ! Allaah grasps the heavens and the earth lest they move away from their places, and if they were to move away from their places, there is not one that can grasp them after Him. [Qur'aan, Sooart Faatir (35 : 41)].
32. Affirming al-'uluw ath-thaati (the Transcendence of Allah in His Essence) and al- 'uluw as- sifaati (the Transcendence of Allaah's Attributes because of His saying :
) وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ)(البقرة: من الآية255)
And He [Allaah] is the Most High, Above everything.
33. Rebutting both the Hulooliyyah 14 and the Mu'atilah who negate this Attribute of Allaah. The Hulooliyyah say, " Allaah is not above everything but rather He is everywhere." And the Mu'attilah, the people who deny Allaah's Attributes, say, " He cannot be described as being High or low, to the left or the right, or as being separated from or associated with His creation."
34. Warning against transgression upon others because of His saying :
) وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ)(البقرة: من الآية255)
And He is the Most High, above everything, and He is the Most Great.
That is why Allaah سبحانه وتعالى said in Soorat An-Nisaa' [(4 : 34)]:
) فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلاً إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيّاً كَبِيراً)(النساء: من الآية34)
And if they [women] return to obedience [to their husbands], then seek not against them means [of annoyance]. Surely, Allaah is ever Most High, above everything, Most Great.
So if you think proudly of yourself, then remember the Highness of Allaah above everything, the Most Mighty and Majestic. And if you think of yourself as being great, than remember the Greatness of Allaah.
35. Affirming the Greatness of Allaah because of His saying :
) الْعَظِيمُ)
The Most Great.
36. Affirming the Attribute of perfection which is implied in the combined Attribute of Transcendence and Greatness.
37. Knowing that the mulk(Sovereignty) belongs to Allaah then :
- We must not behave or act in his kingdom except in accordance with that which He is pleased, because of His saying :
) لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ) (البقرة: من الآية255)
To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth.
- The judicial rulings and decreeing amongst the people must be based upon the judgment of Allaah. Indeed the reliance of man upon the judicial decrees laid by the created and the System of laws laid down by man is one kind of setting up rivals with Allaah (shirk billaah),15 the Most Mighty and Most Majestic.
Contentment with the pre-decree of Allaah, the Most Mighty and Most Majestic, because if you know that the Sovereignty exclusively belongs to Allaah then you would say, " This is the disposal of affairs by a Sovereign in His Kingdom, and He has the right to do whatever He wants. "
)لا يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ) (الانبياء:23)
He cannot be questioned as to what He does, While they [the creation] will be asked. [Qur'aan Soorat Al- Anbiyaa' (21 : 23)].
Accordingly this understanding was part of the condolence of the prophet صلي الله عليه وسلم to his daughter [following the death of her child] when he said :
" إن لله ما أخذ وله ما أعطي وكل عنده بأجل مسمي " . متفق عليه
"Whatever Allaah takes belongs to Him, and to Him belongs what He grants, and everything with Him has an appointed fixed term [in this world]." 16
- Man should not act conceitedly upon accomplishing something because this accomplishment is from Allaah and the Sovereignty is exclusively His.
And Allaah knows best. May the salaah and salaam of Allaah be upon our prophet Muhammed and upon his family and all of his companions.
References:
- The Shaykh also stated that he is in doubt whether the word is a Name of Allaah because it is an indefinite noun (gram. Nakirah).
- Ad-Dunya (fem. of adna) : Denoting what is low or inferior.
- Qayyoumiyyah : One of Allaah's Attributes implied in His Name Al-Qayyoum.ـ
- 4 Allaah is the one who sustains, protects, prepares, and runs the affairs of all things as He wills in accordance with His knowledge, Wisdom, and Justice.
- Zahraawayn (dual form of Zahra): The bright ones. The Prophet صلي الله عليه وسلم said, " Recite the Qur'aan, for on the Day of Resurrection it will come as an intercessor for those who recite it. Recite the two bright ones, Al-Baqarah and Soorat Aal-'Imraan, for on the Day of Resurrection they will come as two clouds or two shades, or two flocks of birds in ranks, pleading for those who recite them. Recite Soorat Al-Baqarah, for to take cecourse to it is a blessing and to give it up is a cause of grief, and the magicians cannot confront it." Reported in Saheeh Muslim (English Translation), vol. 2, no. 1757.
- In Al- Baqarah (2:255), in Aal-'Imraan (3:2), and in Taha (20:111). Abu Umaamah رضي الله عنه reported that the prophet صلي الله عليه وسلم said, " Allaah's Most Great Name is in three soorahs in the Qur'aan, in soorat Al-Baqarah and in Aal-'Imraan and in soorat Taha." Al- Qaaism bin ' Abdur Rahmaan, one of the narrators of this hadeeth, searched the Qur'aan and found : Aaytul – kursi in soorat Al-Baqarah :
اللَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ)( 2:255): and :
)الم * اللَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ) in soorat Aal-'Imraan (3 :2); and )وَعَنَتِ الْوُجُوهُ لِلْحَيِّ الْقَيُّومِ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ حَمَلَ ظُلْماً) (طـه:111) in Sooat Taha (20:111). Reported by al-Haakim, ibn Maajah, at-Tabaraani, at- Tahaawi, and others. Shaykh al-Albaani authenticated its isnaad (Silsilat Al-Ahaadeeth As- Saheeha), vol.2, no. 746.
7. The Shaykh حفظه الله made the above statement in his explanation of Soorat Al-Kahf, in the month of Rabee' al- Awwal, 1419. Evidence from the Qur'aan is in Soorat Al-Talaaq (65:12) and from the sunnah as in the agreed upon hadeeth, " Whoever usurps the land of somebody unjustly, his neck will be encircled with seven earths (on the Day of Resurrection]." [See Saheeh Al-Bukhaari (Arabic/English)], vol. 3, no. 632.
8 Those who say that whatever man does it is entirely of his own ability and free will, and that Allaah's mashee'ah (Will) and qudrah (Ability) have no influence whatsoever on what man does. They also claim that the knowledge of Allaah does not comprehend the actions of the creation until after they are executed.
9 Khaarijites (Ar-Khawaarij, sing. Khaariji). See Appendix B
10 The Mu'tazilah (from i' tazala : " to remove oneself" or " to withdraw"). See Appendix C.
11 See both interpretations of this aayah (which means): And they will never compass anything of His knowledge except that which He wills, pp.60-61.
12 Meaning that man has a totally independent free will and that Allaah's will and power has no effect in this.
13 See Appendix D.
14 Hulooliyyah [from hulool (lit. " Settling," "alighting," "lodging," "descent," and by extension " incarnation")]. The most common definition is that it refers to the doctrine of Divine incarnation in the human form. In mystic Sufism it refers to the Divine incarnation in the sufi saints. Imaam ibn Taymeeyah classified the Hulooliyyah into two kinds. The first is the specific hulool like the claim of the Christians that Allaah is incarnated in 'Eessa and like that of the extremist raafidah and sufi mystics who claim that Allaah is incarnated in ' Ali ibn Abee Taalib رضي الله عنه and in special sufi saints, respectively. The second kind is the general hulool and it is the saying that " Allaah, in His Essence, is everywhere." [See Al-Fataawaa], vol. 2, pp. 171-172.
15 It could be a major or a minor form of shirk depending upon the motive behind his reliance. Al-Hamdullilaah, the another, Shsykh Muhammad bin 'Uthaymeenحفظه الله تعالىpersonally affirmed this explanation to me in Jamaada Al-Aakhirah, 1419 Hj.
16 An agreed upon hadeeth. [See saheeh Al-Bukhaari (Arabic/English)], vol. 2, no 237.
