surah baqarah 17-20
Previously traits /quality of hypocrites. Now we will learn exacmples of hypocrites. So that intangible can be understand from example. Not an abstract anymore.
If you have nifaq in heart, its considered kufr. Other hypocricy is one says one saying but not doing it by limbs/actions. This is a hypocricy but not disbeliever
Verse 17:
Their example is that of one who kindled a fire, but when it illuminated what was around him, Allah took away their light and left them in darkness [so] they could not see.
Translation |
Arabic word |
Syntax and morphology |
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(2:17:1) |
N – nominative masculine noun اسم مرفوع و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة |
م ث ل |
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(2:17:2) |
P – prefixed preposition ka جار ومجرور |
Root: م ث ل
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(2:17:3)
REL – masculine singular relative pronoun اسم موصول |
Three opnions for “those who”: 1: refers to prophet lighting the fire. Meaning by coming the prophet(saw) came to medinah, he lit the fire of guidance and the entire city of medina got islam. With that they (disbelieve/hypocrite) took islam got noor but later it left their hearts. 2: refers to anyone asking for guidance from prophet. Tawqada can also means to ask to light fire/guidance. 3: leaders of the hypocrites, who saught to light the fire for guidance. Abdullah ibn umay? Wanted to get guidance and and he did become muslim. He saught light of iman and became muslim. But then when all light is all around him… Allah took away this light and left him in the darkness. Why?? Allah left him b/c of consequence of his action. (refer to previous ayah’s they were mocking, should be believe like disbelievers believed? So iman hadn’t really entered iman. It was a weak light. And the intention was just to gain some worlldy benefit, so doubt/hypocrisy overcame. Verse munafiqun: b/c they believed then disbelieved and as a consequence of their evil way their hearts were sealed over. Surah saf, verse 5: when they deviated Allah caused their hearts to deviate. And Allah doesn’t guide the hearts of severe deviant. Another reference: he penalize with this in their heart b/c they use to habitually used to lie. Attitude of deceiving believers. Till they die. B/c they inclined towards kufr. |
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(2:17:4) |
V – 3rd person masculine singular (form X) perfect verb فعل ماض |
Root: س ق د refers to prophet (saw) lighting the fire. |
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(2:17:5) |
N – accusative feminine indefinite noun اسم منصوب |
ن ا ر |
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(2:17:6) |
REM – prefixed resumption particle الفاء استئنافية |
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(2:17:7) |
V – 3rd person feminine singular (form IV) perfect verb فعل ماض |
ض و ء
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(2:17:8) |
REL – relative pronoun اسم موصول |
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(2:17:9) |
LOC – accusative masculine location adverb ظرف مكان منصوب والهاء ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة |
Ha waw laam It srounded him. Huwl refers to the surrounding around him. The surrounding became lit. |
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(2:17:10) |
V – 3rd person masculine singular perfect verb فعل ماض |
Root: dhal ha ba gold is also called dhahabun. Why its called? Cuz it goes away. It went. |
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(2:17:11) |
PN – nominative proper noun → Allah لفظ الجلالة مرفوع |
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(2:17:12) |
P – prefixed preposition bi جار ومجرور و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة |
With their light. Dhahaba followed by bi… so it gives meaning of “took” away.
Noor is a bright light with no heat. Refers to external light or internal light (one sees/perceives things)
What it means Allah took the light?
Allah took the ability to receive guidance from hypocrites. |
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(2:17:13) |
CONJ – prefixed conjunction wa (and) الواو عاطفة |
Root: ta ra ka taraka means to leave behind/abandon.
In beginnaing ya or ta is present or future tense (known by context). |
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(2:17:14) |
P – preposition حرف جر |
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(2:17:15) |
N – genitive feminine plural indefinite noun اسم مجرور |
Root: zha lam meem singular: dhul-ma (with ta marbuta) plural signinfies many darkness – from night – from atmosphere (rain/storm) – lightinging strikes andthen becomes dark, its very dark. Eyes dont adjust right way. Intense darkness initially after light taken away |
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(2:17:16) |
NEG – negative particle حرف نفي |
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(2:17:17) |
V – 3rd person masculine plural (form IV) imperfect verb فعل مضارع والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل |
Root: ba sad ra basar. To look, to see. Here its a circumstancial situation. They were left in darkness of disbelieve. |
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Tafsir Notes verse 17:
Verse 18:
Deaf, dumb and blind – so they will not return [to the right path]. |
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(2:18:1) |
N – nominative plural indefinite noun اسم مرفوع |
Root: saad, meem meem singular asammum? Blockage deafness Deaf /cant hear islam |
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(2:18:2) |
N – nominative plural indefinite noun اسم مرفوع |
Root: ba kaaf meem ones dumb singular : abkum (hamza ba kaf meem) one unable to speak since birth one word. Sometimes even unable to comprehend.
Here it refers to inablity to speak the truth. |
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(2:18:3) |
N – nominative masculine plural indefinite noun اسم مرفوع |
Ones blinded ayn meem ya singular: ‘ama (hamza fatha, ayan sukon, ya with alif maksora) ‘amaa is one who is blind. Physically or spiritually. |
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(2:18:4) |
CONJ – prefixed conjunction fa (and) الفاء عاطفة |
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(2:18:5) |
NEG – negative particle حرف نفي |
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(2:18:6) |
V – 3rd person masculine plural imperfect verb فعل مضارع والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل |
Raa jeem ‘ayn
to return from where you came from.
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Tafsir Notes verse 18:
Because the consequence of their actions. This happened to them. Deaf/dubm/blind.
Q: that is b/c they disliked what Allah revealed. So Allah rendered all their deeds worthless. B/c done for wrong intentions.
Why does this happen in a person? Prophet preached all people. And some were really true believers/sincere.
> They are not absorbing the knowledge/hearing. Not really listening. These ppl had biases. They had desires. Their ego/arrogance. Opposite of humility.
Eg: one leader … when prophet saw came , he was made leader and that old leader was jeolous.
-They never used their faculties to use it for guidance. So Allah took it away from them and they wont become guided.
> guidance is for those who sincerely seek it/desire it.
Verse 19:
Or [it is] like a rainstorm from the sky within which is darkness, thunder and lightning. They put their fingers in their ears against the thunderclaps in dread of death. But Allah is encompassing of the disbelievers.
Translation |
Arabic word |
Syntax and morphology |
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(2:19:1) |
CONJ – coordinating conjunction حرف عطف |
Or |
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(2:19:2) |
P – prefixed preposition ka جار ومجرور |
Ka – harf tashbeeh (like) root: sad waw ba sayyib from verb saba to come down. Sayyib is the intesified version(mubalagha) of the verb. To downpour.
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(2:19:3) |
P – preposition حرف جر |
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(2:19:4) |
N – genitive feminine noun اسم مجرور |
Root: seen meem waw other words with this root: ism samu means height. Sky high above us. |
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(2:19:5) |
P – preposition جار ومجرور |
Fee is harf he is pronoun (it) refering to downpour/heavy rain |
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(2:19:6) |
N – nominative feminine plural indefinite noun اسم مرفوع |
Root: dha lam mem dhulma |
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(2:19:7) |
CONJ – prefixed conjunction wa (and) الواو عاطفة |
Root: ra ‘ayn dal flash of lighting follows the thunder. Literally rad means movement. Int this context refers to severe warning that comes in the Quran. For hypocrites its like thunder, they scare the hypocrites b/c they are guilty. |
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(2:19:8) |
CONJ – prefixed conjunction wa (and) الواو عاطفة |
Root: ba ra qaf. Barq is the flash of lights seen in the cloud. It is very bright. If you look at it, a person may even damage their eyesight. Barq refers to clear arguments in the quran and hope. |
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(2:19:9) |
V – 3rd person masculine plural imperfect verb فعل مضارع والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل |
Root: jeem ‘ayn laam ja’ala: they put. What? Their fingers. |
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(2:19:10) |
N – accusative masculine plural noun → Finger اسم منصوب و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة |
Root: saadh ba ‘ayn. Singular: Isba’ : hamza with kasra, sad sukon, ba with fath and ayn with tanween usbu’ |
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(2:19:11) |
P – preposition حرف جر |
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(2:19:12) |
N – genitive feminine plural noun → Ear اسم مجرور و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة |
Udhun refers to the ear/canal from where the sound goes in. they are putting the fingers into the ears…. they are trying to completely blcok the sound. |
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(2:19:13) |
P – preposition حرف جر |
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(2:19:14) |
N – genitive feminine plural noun اسم مجرور |
Saad ‘ayn qaf as-sa’aiqah to faint. Lightening. Thunder bolts |
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(2:19:15) |
N – accusative masculine verbal noun اسم منصوب |
Root: 7ha dhal raa tawa is fear that you take a sheild hadhara is you fear and you take precaution. |
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(2:19:16) |
N – genitive masculine noun اسم مجرور |
Root: meem waw ta. They are afraid they will die.
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(2:19:17) |
REM – prefixed resumption particle الواو استئنافية |
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(2:19:18) |
N – nominative masculine indefinite (form IV) active participle اسم مرفوع |
7ha waw ta e7hata : one who surrounds. How is Allah mu7het? In his knowledge. All encompassingin his ilm and power. |
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(2:19:19) |
P – prefixed preposition bi جار ومجرور |
Ka fa ra those who disbelieve kafireen. single: kaafir |
Tafsir Notes verse 19:
saayyib: Refers to the wahy/light of guiadence revealed to prophet(saw) to the people who were getting guidance entered the hearts of the companions coming to listen to the oprohet. Also to those who were hypocrites who got the guidance at one time.
Or such as rain that also has some darkness in it.
Ra’adun. Warning in quran… disbelievers were scared of them… b/c they were guilty.
Q: they think every cry is for them.indeed prophet has been infromed about us. B/c they new he is the true prophet and Allah informs him.
Barq: lightening/ the strong arguments in the quran. (a person willl start to think). Give hope. That maybe its right. It lights up the environement also not just the sky.
As-sawaik: difficulty.
Allah new whats in their hearts.
Verse 20:
The lightning almost snatches away their sight. Every time it lights [the way] for them, they walk therein; but when darkness comes over them, they stand [still]. And if Allah had willed, He could have taken away their hearing and their sight. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent.
Translation |
Arabic word |
Syntax and morphology |
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(2:20:1) |
V – 3rd person masculine singular imperfect verb فعل مضارع |
It is near. Root: kaaf waw dal. It is about to happen. |
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(2:20:2) |
N – nominative masculine noun → Lightning اسم مرفوع |
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(2:20:3) |
V – 3rd person masculine singular imperfect verb فعل مضارع |
Root: kha ta fa khatf to snatch away. Bird took food (eg). To take forcibly and quickly. |
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(2:20:4) |
N – accusative masculine plural noun اسم منصوب و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة |
Root: ba sad ra |
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(2:20:5) |
T – time adverb ظرف زمان |
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(2:20:6) |
V – 3rd person masculine singular (form IV) perfect verb فعل ماض |
Dhad waw hamza |
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(2:20:7) |
P – prefixed preposition lām جار ومجرور |
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(2:20:8) |
V – 3rd person masculine plural perfect verb فعل ماض والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل |
Meem sheen ya. Mashi, normal walk that person walks. Not running or slow. |
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(2:20:9) |
P – preposition جار ومجرور |
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(2:20:10) |
REM – prefixed resumption particle الواو استئنافية |
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(2:20:11) |
V – 3rd person masculine singular (form IV) perfect verb فعل ماض |
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(2:20:12) |
P – preposition جار ومجرور |
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(2:20:13) |
V – 3rd person masculine plural perfect verb فعل ماض والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل |
Qaaf waw meem …. missed |
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(2:20:14) |
REM – prefixed resumption particle الواو استئنافية |
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(2:20:15) |
V – 3rd person masculine singular perfect verb فعل ماض |
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(2:20:16) |
PN – nominative proper noun → Allah لفظ الجلالة مرفوع |
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(2:20:17) |
EMPH – emphatic prefix lām اللام لام التوكيد |
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(2:20:18) |
P – prefixed preposition bi جار ومجرور و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة |
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(2:20:19) |
CONJ – prefixed conjunction wa (and) الواو عاطفة |
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(2:20:20) |
ACC – accusative particle حرف نصب |
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(2:20:21) |
PN – accusative proper noun → Allah لفظ الجلالة منصوب |
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(2:20:22) |
P – preposition حرف جر |
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(2:20:23) |
N – genitive masculine noun اسم مجرور |
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(2:20:24) |
N – genitive masculine indefinite noun اسم مجرور |
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(2:20:25) |
N – nominative masculine indefinite noun اسم مرفوع |
Qaaf dal ra qadr: to plan something. Qadeer: planner, something that has compelte qudra (compelet power over eveyrhing) |
Tafsir Notes verse 20:
The lightning almost snatches away their sight. They wer were soo weak that it was so easy to sntach away their sight.
Yaqatal barku yakhtafu… ibn abbas said, it means comprehension of hypocrites. So they cant see/unable to see anything.
Every time it lights [the way] for them, they walk therein; (i.e. when its easy to do it, he fllows the commands)
but when darkness comes over them, they stand [still]. (I.e when they have difficulaty they wont do it.)
Q: amongst mankind is one who worships Allah on edge. .. but if he is struck by trial he turns on his feet in opp. Direction.
Note: that these ppl would do wrong, persist. We shouldn’t delay in doing tawbah. We should come back to islam.
And if Allah had willed, He could have taken away their hearing and their sight. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent.
Lieing. Base of everything bad. They thought they were doing something correct. Must be truthful to ourself. What characteristic should we correct.
Hw: characteristic of muttaqeen, disbelievers and munafiqeen (how they are recognized)