The Muslimah Corner

(2:21:1)
yāayyuhā
O

VOC – prefixed vocative particle ya
N – nominative noun

أداة نداء
اسم مرفوع

Ya – harf nida. To call out to someone/address

(2:21:2)
l-nāsu
mankind!

N – nominative masculine plural noun

اسم مرفوع

First time Allah(swt) is calling us in the quran.

ن و س ) و ن س ) ن س ي

(2:21:3)
uʿ’budū
worship

V – 2nd person masculine plural imperative verb
PRON – subject pronoun

فعل أمر والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

ع ب د )

to submit, humility/submissive, anything apparent/hidden we do.

1. obligation/fardh → salah/zakah, fast, etc.

2. approved : to recite quran/etc.

3. others that are regular action that can become ‘ibadah.

Eg: for sleeping; follow sunnah read adhkar, kursi, mulk, all qulls and right side. Etc.

(2:21:4)
rabbakumu
your Lord,

N – accusative masculine noun
PRON – 2nd person masculine plural possessive pronoun

اسم منصوب والكاف ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة

(2:21:5)
alladhī
the One Who

REL – masculine singular relative pronoun

اسم موصول

(2:21:6)
khalaqakum
created you

V – 3rd person masculine singular perfect verb
PRON – 2nd person masculine plural object pronoun

فعل ماض والكاف ضمير متصل في محل نصب مفعول به

خ ل ق

1. to bring into existence that wans’t before. Ibda?

2. To make something from matter that already existed.

Eg: creation of all human beings was doen from adam.

(2:21:7)
wa-alladhīna
and those

CONJ – prefixed conjunction wa (and)
REL – masculine plural relative pronoun

الواو عاطفة
اسم موصول

(2:21:8)
min
from

P – preposition

حرف جر

(2:21:9)
qablikum
before you,

N – genitive noun
PRON – 2nd person masculine plural possessive pronoun

اسم مجرور والكاف ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة

(2:21:10)
laʿallakum
so that you may

ACC – accusative particle
PRON – 2nd person masculine plural object pronoun

حرف نصب من اخوات «ان» والكاف ضمير متصل في محل نصب اسم «لعل»

Gives meaning of hope: la’alla. A chance of something happening. That is possible. “perhaps this may happen”

– hoped you’d attain taqwa.

second meaning, ta’leel. Reasong behind that action. “so that you may”.

Thirdly, gives the expected result of the action. “it may be that this will happen”

here la’alla is impling all 3 meaning.

When Allah refers to this, it also carries the certainly meaning.

(2:21:11)
tattaqūna
become righteous.

V – 2nd person masculine plural (form VIII) imperfect verb
PRON – subject pronoun

فعل مضارع والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

1. So that you all protect yourselves.

2. another meaning:

thatyou all attain/acquire taqwa.

Translation

Arabic word

Syntax and morphology

(2:17:1)
mathaluhum
Their example

N – nominative masculine noun
PRON – 3rd person masculine plural possessive pronoun

اسم مرفوع و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة

م ث ل

(2:17:2)
kamathali
(is) like (the) example

P – prefixed preposition ka
N – genitive masculine noun

جار ومجرور

Root: م ث ل

(2:17:3)
alladhī
(of) the one who

REL – masculine singular relative pronoun

اسم موصول

Three opnions for “those who”:

1: refers to prophet lighting the fire. Meaning by coming the prophet(saw) came to medinah, he lit the fire of guidance and the entire city of medina got islam. With that they (disbelieve/hypocrite) took islam got noor but later it left their hearts.

2: refers to anyone asking for guidance from prophet. Tawqada can also means to ask to light fire/guidance.

3: leaders of the hypocrites, who saught to light the fire for guidance. Abdullah ibn umay? Wanted to get guidance and and he did become muslim. He saught light of iman and became muslim. But then when all light is all around him… Allah took away this light and left him in the darkness. Why?? Allah left him b/c of consequence of his action. (refer to previous ayah’s they were mocking, should be believe like disbelievers believed? So iman hadn’t really entered iman. It was a weak light. And the intention was just to gain some worlldy benefit, so doubt/hypocrisy overcame.

Verse munafiqun: b/c they believed then disbelieved and as a consequence of their evil way their hearts were sealed over.

Surah saf, verse 5: when they deviated Allah caused their hearts to deviate. And Allah doesn’t guide the hearts of severe deviant.

Another reference: he penalize with this in their heart b/c they use to habitually used to lie. Attitude of deceiving believers. Till they die. B/c they inclined towards kufr.

(2:17:4)
is’tawqada
kindled

V – 3rd person masculine singular (form X) perfect verb

فعل ماض

Root: س ق د

refers to prophet (saw) lighting the fire.

(2:17:5)
nāran
a fire,

N – accusative feminine indefinite noun

اسم منصوب

ن ا ر

(2:17:6)
falammā
then, when

REM – prefixed resumption particle
T – time adverb

الفاء استئنافية
ظرف زمان

(2:17:7)
aḍāat
it illuminated

V – 3rd person feminine singular (form IV) perfect verb

فعل ماض

ض و ء

(2:17:8)
mā
what

REL – relative pronoun

اسم موصول

(2:17:9)
ḥawlahu
(was) around him

LOC – accusative masculine location adverb
PRON – 3rd person masculine singular possessive pronoun

ظرف مكان منصوب والهاء ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة

Ha waw laam

It srounded him.

Huwl refers to the surrounding around him. The surrounding became lit.

(2:17:10)
dhahaba
took away

V – 3rd person masculine singular perfect verb

فعل ماض

Root: dhal ha ba

gold is also called dhahabun. Why its called? Cuz it goes away.

It went.

(2:17:11)
l-lahu
Allah

PN – nominative proper noun → Allah

لفظ الجلالة مرفوع

(2:17:12)
binūrihim
their light

P – prefixed preposition bi
N – genitive masculine noun
PRON – 3rd person masculine plural possessive pronoun

جار ومجرور و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة

With their light.

Dhahaba followed by bi… so it gives meaning of “took” away.

Noor is a bright light with no heat. Refers to external light or internal light (one sees/perceives things)

What it means Allah took the light?

Allah took the ability to receive guidance from hypocrites.

(2:17:13)
watarakahum
and left them

CONJ – prefixed conjunction wa (and)
V – 3rd person masculine singular perfect verb
PRON – 3rd person masculine plural object pronoun

الواو عاطفة
فعل ماض و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل نصب مفعول به

Root: ta ra ka

taraka means to leave behind/abandon.

In beginnaing ya or ta is present or future tense (known by context).

(2:17:14)
fī
in

P – preposition

حرف جر

(2:17:15)
ẓulumātin
darkness[es],

N – genitive feminine plural indefinite noun

اسم مجرور

Root: zha lam meem

singular: dhul-ma (with ta marbuta)

plural signinfies many darkness

– from night – from atmosphere (rain/storm) – lightinging strikes andthen becomes dark, its very dark. Eyes dont adjust right way. Intense darkness initially after light taken away

(2:17:16)
lā
(so) not

NEG – negative particle

حرف نفي

(2:17:17)
yub’ṣirūna
(do) they see.

V – 3rd person masculine plural (form IV) imperfect verb
PRON – subject pronoun

فعل مضارع والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

Root: ba sad ra

basar. To look, to see.

Here its a circumstancial situation. They were left in darkness of disbelieve.

Tafsir Notes verse 17:

Verse 18:

Deaf, dumb and blind – so they will not return [to the right path].

(2:18:1)
ṣummun
Deaf,

N – nominative plural indefinite noun

اسم مرفوع

Root: saad, meem meem

singular asammum?

Blockage deafness

Deaf /cant hear islam

(2:18:2)
buk’mun
dumb,

N – nominative plural indefinite noun

اسم مرفوع

Root: ba kaaf meem

ones dumb

singular : abkum (hamza ba kaf meem)

one unable to speak since birth one word. Sometimes even unable to comprehend.

Here it refers to inablity to speak the truth.

(2:18:3)
ʿum’yun
blind,

N – nominative masculine plural indefinite noun

اسم مرفوع

Ones blinded

ayn meem ya

singular: ‘ama (hamza fatha, ayan sukon, ya with alif maksora)

‘amaa is one who is blind. Physically or spiritually.

(2:18:4)
fahum
so they

CONJ – prefixed conjunction fa (and)
PRON – 3rd person masculine plural personal pronoun

الفاء عاطفة
ضمير منفصل

(2:18:5)
lā
not

NEG – negative particle

حرف نفي

(2:18:6)
yarjiʿūna
[they] will not return.

V – 3rd person masculine plural imperfect verb
PRON – subject pronoun

فعل مضارع والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

Raa jeem ‘ayn

to return from where you came from.

Translation

Arabic word

Syntax and morphology

(2:19:1)
aw
Or

CONJ – coordinating conjunction

حرف عطف

Or

(2:19:2)
kaṣayyibin
like a rainstorm

P – prefixed preposition ka
N – genitive masculine indefinite noun

جار ومجرور

Ka – harf tashbeeh (like)

root: sad waw ba

sayyib from verb saba to come down. Sayyib is the intesified version(mubalagha) of the verb. To downpour.

(2:19:3)
mina
from

P – preposition

حرف جر

(2:19:4)
l-samāi
the sky

N – genitive feminine noun

اسم مجرور

Root: seen meem waw

other words with this root: ism

samu means height. Sky high above us.

(2:19:5)
fīhi
in it (are)

P – preposition
PRON – 3rd person masculine singular object pronoun

جار ومجرور

Fee is harf

he is pronoun (it) refering to downpour/heavy rain

(2:19:6)
ẓulumātun
darkness[es],

N – nominative feminine plural indefinite noun

اسم مرفوع

Root: dha lam mem

dhulma

(2:19:7)
waraʿdun
and thunder,

CONJ – prefixed conjunction wa (and)
N – nominative masculine indefinite noun → Thunder

الواو عاطفة
اسم مرفوع

Root: ra ‘ayn dal

flash of lighting follows the thunder.

Literally rad means movement. Int this context refers to severe warning that comes in the Quran. For hypocrites its like thunder, they scare the hypocrites b/c they are guilty.

(2:19:8)
wabarqun
and lightning.

CONJ – prefixed conjunction wa (and)
N – nominative masculine indefinite noun → Lightning

الواو عاطفة
اسم مرفوع

Root: ba ra qaf.

Barq is the flash of lights seen in the cloud. It is very bright. If you look at it, a person may even damage their eyesight.

Barq refers to clear arguments in the quran and hope.

(2:19:9)
yajʿalūna
They put

V – 3rd person masculine plural imperfect verb
PRON – subject pronoun

فعل مضارع والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

Root: jeem ‘ayn laam

ja’ala: they put. What? Their fingers.

(2:19:10)
aṣābiʿahum
their fingers

N – accusative masculine plural noun → Finger
PRON – 3rd person masculine plural possessive pronoun

اسم منصوب و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة

Root: saadh ba ‘ayn.

Singular: Isba’ : hamza with kasra, sad sukon, ba with fath and ayn with tanween

usbu’

(2:19:11)
fī
in

P – preposition

حرف جر

(2:19:12)
ādhānihim
their ears

N – genitive feminine plural noun → Ear
PRON – 3rd person masculine plural possessive pronoun

اسم مجرور و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة

Udhun refers to the ear/canal from where the sound goes in. they are putting the fingers into the ears…. they are trying to completely blcok the sound.

(2:19:13)
mina
from

P – preposition

حرف جر

(2:19:14)
l-ṣawāʿiqi
the thunderclaps

N – genitive feminine plural noun

اسم مجرور

Saad ‘ayn qaf

as-sa’aiqah

to faint. Lightening. Thunder bolts

(2:19:15)
ḥadhara
(in) fear (of)

N – accusative masculine verbal noun

اسم منصوب

Root: 7ha dhal raa

tawa is fear that you take a sheild

hadhara is you fear and you take precaution.

(2:19:16)
l-mawti
[the] death.

N – genitive masculine noun

اسم مجرور

Root: meem waw ta.

They are afraid they will die.

(2:19:17)
wal-lahu
And Allah

REM – prefixed resumption particle
PN – nominative proper noun → Allah

الواو استئنافية
لفظ الجلالة مرفوع

(2:19:18)
muḥīṭun
(is) [the One Who] encompasses

N – nominative masculine indefinite (form IV) active participle

اسم مرفوع

7ha waw ta

e7hata : one who surrounds.

How is Allah mu7het? In his knowledge. All encompassingin his ilm and power.

(2:19:19)
bil-kāfirīna
the disbelievers.

P – prefixed preposition bi
N – genitive masculine plural active participle

جار ومجرور

Ka fa ra

those who disbelieve kafireen.

single: kaafir

Translation

Arabic word

Syntax and morphology

(2:20:1)
yakādu
Almost

V – 3rd person masculine singular imperfect verb

فعل مضارع

It is near. Root: kaaf waw dal.

It is about to happen.

(2:20:2)
l-barqu
the lightning

N – nominative masculine noun → Lightning

اسم مرفوع

(2:20:3)
yakhṭafu
snatches away

V – 3rd person masculine singular imperfect verb

فعل مضارع

Root: kha ta fa

khatf to snatch away. Bird took food (eg). To take forcibly and quickly.

(2:20:4)
abṣārahum
their sight.

N – accusative masculine plural noun
PRON – 3rd person masculine plural possessive pronoun

اسم منصوب و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة

Root: ba sad ra

(2:20:5)
kullamā
Whenever

T – time adverb

ظرف زمان

(2:20:6)
aḍāa
it flashes

V – 3rd person masculine singular (form IV) perfect verb

فعل ماض

Dhad waw hamza

(2:20:7)
lahum
for them

P – prefixed preposition lām
PRON – 3rd person masculine plural personal pronoun

جار ومجرور

(2:20:8)
mashaw
they walk

V – 3rd person masculine plural perfect verb
PRON – subject pronoun

فعل ماض والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

Meem sheen ya.

Mashi, normal walk that person walks. Not running or slow.

(2:20:9)
fīhi
in it,

P – preposition
PRON – 3rd person masculine singular object pronoun

جار ومجرور

(2:20:10)
wa-idhā
and when

REM – prefixed resumption particle
T – time adverb

الواو استئنافية
ظرف زمان

(2:20:11)
aẓlama
it darkens

V – 3rd person masculine singular (form IV) perfect verb

فعل ماض

(2:20:12)
ʿalayhim
on them

P – preposition
PRON – 3rd person masculine plural object pronoun

جار ومجرور

(2:20:13)
qāmū
they stand (still).

V – 3rd person masculine plural perfect verb
PRON – subject pronoun

فعل ماض والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

Qaaf waw meem

…. missed

(2:20:14)
walaw
And if

REM – prefixed resumption particle
COND – conditional particle

الواو استئنافية
حرف شرط

(2:20:15)
shāa
had willed

V – 3rd person masculine singular perfect verb

فعل ماض

(2:20:16)
l-lahu
Allah,

PN – nominative proper noun → Allah

لفظ الجلالة مرفوع

(2:20:17)
ladhahaba
He would certainly have taken away

EMPH – emphatic prefix lām
V – 3rd person masculine singular perfect verb

اللام لام التوكيد
فعل ماض

(2:20:18)
bisamʿihim
their hearing,

P – prefixed preposition bi
N – genitive masculine noun
PRON – 3rd person masculine plural possessive pronoun

جار ومجرور و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة

(2:20:19)
wa-abṣārihim
and their sight.

CONJ – prefixed conjunction wa (and)
N – genitive masculine plural noun
PRON – 3rd person masculine plural possessive pronoun

الواو عاطفة
اسم مجرور و«هم» ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة

(2:20:20)
inna
Indeed,

ACC – accusative particle

حرف نصب

(2:20:21)
l-laha
Allah

PN – accusative proper noun → Allah

لفظ الجلالة منصوب

(2:20:22)
ʿalā
(is) on

P – preposition

حرف جر

(2:20:23)
kulli
every

N – genitive masculine noun

اسم مجرور

(2:20:24)
shayin
thing

N – genitive masculine indefinite noun

اسم مجرور

(2:20:25)
qadīrun
All-Powerful.

N – nominative masculine indefinite noun

اسم مرفوع

Qaaf dal ra

qadr: to plan something.

Qadeer: planner, something that has compelte qudra (compelet power over eveyrhing)